PERIODIC NOISE damages the visual quality of images by imposingrepetitive patterns to them. In this research work, we introduce anew method which is based on fuzzy systems for de-noising PERIODIC NOISE. The position of a frequency coefficient in the origin shifted Fouriertransformed image and the current coefficient's amplitude to a localmedian ratio are used as inputs of the fuzzy system. The output of the fuzzy system will be a restorationmask. Weimplemented the proposed method and evaluated its performance againstsome images corrupted with PERIODIC NOISE. The experimental results showan acceptable level of performance. Overall, this research implies thatthe procedure conducted by experts in the notch filter can be automatedby using a fuzzy system.

PERIODIC NOISE reduction is a fundamental problem in image processing, which severely affects the visual quality and the subsequent application of the data. Most of the conventional approaches are only dedicated to either the frequency or the spatial domain. In this research work, we propose a dual-domain approach by converting the PERIODIC NOISE reduction task into an image decomposition problem. We introduce a bio-inspired computational model to separate the original image from the NOISE pattern without having any a priori knowledge about its structure or statistics. Experiments on both the synthetic and non-synthetic noisy images are carried out in order to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method both qualitatively and quantitatively.

PERIODIC NOISEs are unwished and spurious signals that create repetitive pattern on images and decreased the visual quality. Firstly, this paper investigates various methods for reducing the effects of the PERIODIC NOISE in digital images. Then an adaptive optimum notch filter is proposed. In the proposed method, the regions of NOISE frequencies are determined by analyzing the spectral of noisy image. Then, the repetitive pattern of the PERIODIC NOISE is produced by applying the corresponding notch pass filter. Finally, an output image with reduced PERIODIC NOISE is restored by an optimum notch filter method. The results of the proposed adaptive optimum notch filter are compared by the mean and the median filtering techniques in frequency domain. The results show that the proposed filter has higher performances, visually and statistically, and has lower computational cost. In spite of the other compared methods, the proposed filter does not need to tune any parameters.

Images are firstly investigated. Then an adaptive median filter in the frequency domain with an acceptable computational cost is proposed. In the proposed method, the regions of NOISE frequencies are determined by analyzing the spectral of noisy image, adaptively. Then a median filter with proper size in the frequency domain is applied only for the destroyed frequencies by PERIODIC NOISE and the spectrum of the image with reduced PERIODIC NOISE is computed. The compared methods including the proposed one, the mean and the median filtering techniques, all in frequency domain are implemented not only under MATLAB environment, but also by C programming under the OpenCV library. The results in different conditions suggest that the proposed method shows higher performances, visually and statistically, and also it needs very lower computational cost.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the NOISE-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the NOISE-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The NOISE-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order NOISE-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the NOISE transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new NOISE-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order NOISE shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-NOISE and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

Introduction: Cochlear dead zones are defined as areas where the inner hair cells have been destroyed.Thresholds on the audiograms show the integrity of those parts of the ear that are tested. Care must be taken in interpretating audiograms. Thanks to the advances in understanding of cochlear functions, it is now possible to spot false responses that come from dead zones of the cochlea. Recently, cochlear dead regions have been detected via TEN (Threshold Equalizing NOISE) test in which ipsilateral broadband NOISE and threshold shifting are used.Materials and Methods: A review of the literature on the subject of dead zones published from 1993 to 2003 was performed using Pubmed, Ebsco, Science Direct, Google Scholar Thieme ProQuest databases and library sources. key word: were "cochlear dead zone", "traveling wave", "ten (threshold equalizing NOISE) test", "ipsilateral NOISE" and "real-ear measurement for hearing aids prescription".Conclusion: Hearing aids fitting process for patients with severe and sloping sensory neural hearing loss must be noted specially by amplifying active zone and avoiding amplification for dead region i.e., offering amplification to the transition frequencies that have better hearing than others, those among the fine regions and the dead zones. Dead zone detection may help in hearing aids fitting and fine tuning.

The term PERIODIC fever and diseases classified under PERIODIC fever have particular situation in pediatrics. PERIODICity and fever are the hallmark of these syndromes, though there could be other symptoms and signs in each syndrome. On the other hand, most of these syndromes have familial pattern. Since some of these syndromes are common in north-west Iran, the understanding and recognition of these diseases seems to be necessary. Nowadays at least seven PERIODIC fever syndromes have been explained in pediatrics: The first one is FMF and the last and new one is PFAPA. The rest of them are: Hyper IgD, FCAS, Muckel- Wells, CINCA, and TRAPS.

For some technical analysts, finding cycles is synonymous with market analysis. There is something comforting in the idea that markets, like many natural phenomena, have a regular ebb and flow. These technicians believe that there are regular market cycles, hidden by NOISE or irregular perturbations that drive the market’s underlying clockwork mechanism. Such “cycles” have proven fickle to unwary investors. Sometimes they work, sometimes they do not. There are Statistical tests to find PERIODIC and non PERIODIC cycle, such as spectral analysis, wavelet analysis… that some of them find only correlated NOISE. But these methods could not prove their ability to find cycles. The search for cycles in the market and in the economy has proven frustrating for all concerned. Strong method to analysis cycles is modified rescale range analysis that based on fractal analysis. The result of this research not only show that modified rescale rang analysis has enough ability to find PERIODIC and non PERIODIC cycles but also increasing data move us from local randomness to global determinism.

Introduction: Many internal medicine conditions may be presented to pain centers and an interdisciplinary and holistic approach is necessary for optimal management.Case Description: A 46 year old man presented to the interdisciplinary pain clinic at Shefa Neuroscience Research Center complaining of PERIODIC weakness, pain and tenderness in proximal lower extremities, anxiety, irritability and weight loss since 3 months ago. On examination and laboratory results, hyperthyroidism and severe hypokalemia were evident. On echocardiography, ejection fraction was 25%. He was admitted in coronary care unit for cardiac monitoring and received propranolol and methimazole.Results: After stabilizing the heart rate and correction of potassium level, paralysis was completely subsided and ejection fraction increased to 55%. He was discharged from the hospital in good situation.Conclusion: Hyperthyroid hypokalemic PERIODIC paralysis is a rare but well-known condition with episodes of muscular weakness or paralysis. It can be diagnosed by good history taking, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. Appropriate therapy is necessary for treatment and prevention of paralytic episodes. Although the prognosis is usually good, in case of misdiagnosis and maltreatment this condition may be fatal.